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	<title>柳城 &#187; BUG</title>
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		<title>Blast2.2.21版本的一个BUG</title>
		<link>http://liucheng.name/1219/</link>
		<comments>http://liucheng.name/1219/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Feb 2010 07:13:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>柳城</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[生物信息学]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blast]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BUG]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[经过一段时间的分析后，慢慢排除掉其它的可能性，最后锁定在Blast版本问题上，拿上面的序列去NCBI做Blastp，并没有发现问题。NCBI的Blast版本是2.2.22，也是目前最新的版目。<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>在前些日子，我已经发表过一篇文章，指出<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/blast/" title="Blast" target="_blank">Blast</a></span>较低版本的一个Bug，是非标准密码子的问题。有兴趣的请围观：http://liucheng.<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/" title="柳城">name</a></span>/1109/</p>
<h3>又一个<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/bug/" title="查看 BUG 中的全部文章" target="_blank">BUG</a></span>的发现</h3>
<p>最近有一个同事，在使用Blast时又发现一个奇异的结果。如用下面的氨基酸<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/entrez/" title="序列" target="_blank">序列</a></span>做Blastp：<span id="more-1219"></span></p>
<pre>&gt;Q16653|MOG_HUMAN Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein OS=Homo sapiens
MASLSRPSLPSCLCSFLLLLLLQVSSSYAGQFRVIGPRHPIRALVGDEVELPCRISPGKN
ATGMEVGWYRPPFSRVVHLYRNGKDQDGDQAPEYRGRTELLKDAIGEGKVTLRIRNVRFS
DEGGFTCFFRDHSYQEEAAMELKVEDPFYWVSPGVLVLLAVLPVLLLQITVG<span style="color: #ff0000;">LVF</span>LCLQY
RLRGKLRAEIENLHRTFDPHFLRVPCWKITLFVIVPVLGPLVALIICYNWLHRRLAGQFL
EELRNPF</pre>
<p>这个序列<a href="http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q16653.fasta" target="_blank">Q16653</a>是来自Uniprot的。BlastDB是选择human的氨基酸序列，Blsat版本是用2.2.21，Blast程序选择Blastp。结果却没有匹配上，最好一个匹配也才40%的相似性。</p>
<h3><span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/bug/" title="查看 BUG 中的全部文章" target="_blank">BUG</a></span>的原因分析</h3>
<p>当然了，一开始并没有怀疑过Blast版本的问题。</p>
<p>经过一段时间的分析后，慢慢排除掉其它的可能性，最后锁定在Blast版本问题上，拿上面的序列去<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/ncbi/" title="NCBI" target="_blank">NCBI</a></span>做Blastp，并没有发现问题。NCBI的Blast版本是2.2.22，也是目前最新的版目。</p>
<p>另外，在低于2.2.21版本的Blast里也没发现问题（当然只是找了其中一个版本来测试，不可能所有版本都测试）。</p>
<p>所以最终确认，这是Blast2.2.21版本的一个Bug。</p>
<h3>未解决的问题?</h3>
<p>请注意上面序列的红色字体部分：LVF，把它改为：LIF。再用同样的条件做Blastp，结果完成正确。但V是缬氨酸，是非常常见的一个氨基酸，到处都可见。所以不是非标准密码子的问题。</p>
<p>至少这个BUG的原因，就无从测试起了，只能大概地推测这个V在某些情况下会引起这个BUG。</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>发现低版本Blast程序的一个BUG与非标准密码子</title>
		<link>http://liucheng.name/1109/</link>
		<comments>http://liucheng.name/1109/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 11:22:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>柳城</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[生物信息学]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blast]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BUG]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[硒半胱氨酸]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[终止密码子]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[非标准密码子]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[非标准氨基酸]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://liucheng.name/?p=1109</guid>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/blast/" title="Blast" target="_blank">Blast</a></span> (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)是一套在蛋白质数据库或DNA数据库中进行相似性比较的分析工具。关于BLAST程序的详细介绍看： <a href="http://liucheng.name/1008/">http://liucheng.name/1008/</a></p>
<p> 在做BLAST<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/entrez/" title="序列" target="_blank">序列</a></span>比对的过程中，发现了一个比较奇异的问题。<span id="more-1109"></span></p>
<h3> 模拟做法如下：</h3>
<p> 用NM_001039848的氨基酸序列做BLAST程序的两两比对（bl2seq）。<a href="http://liucheng.name/entrez/entrez.php?acc=NM_001039848&amp;format=gb">NM_001039848</a>的氨基酸序列如下：（注意红色标注的U）</p>
<pre> 
&gt;NM_001039848   Homo sapiens glutathione peroxidase 4 (phospholipid hydroperoxidase) (GPX4), transcript variant 3, mRNA.
MGRAGAGSPGRRRQRCQSRGRRRPRAPRRRKAPACRRRRARRRRKKPCPRSLRPEIHECP
KSQDPCASRDDWRCARSMHEFSAKDIDGHMVNLDKYRGFVCIVTNVASQ<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">U</span></strong>GKTEVNYTQL
VDLHARYAECGLRILAFPCNQFGKQEPGSNEEIKEFAAGYNVKFDMFSKICVNGDDAHPL
WKWMKIQPKGKGILGNAIKWNFTKFLIDKNGCVVKRYGPMEEPLVIEKDLPHYF</pre>
<p> </p>
<p>bl2seq的结果截图如下：（注，本地装好的BLA ST软件，<strong>版本</strong><strong>2.2.9</strong> ，用bl2seq中的Blastp。其中对比的两条序列是一样的，都是NM_001039848的氨基酸序列。）</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> <a href="http://liucheng.name/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/NM_001039848-的-bl2seq-result.png" class="highslide-image" onclick="return hs.expand(this);"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1110" title="NM_001039848 的 bl2seq result" src="http://liucheng.name/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/NM_001039848-的-bl2seq-result.png" alt="NM_001039848 的 bl2seq result" width="583" height="472" /></a></p>
<p> </p>
<h3> 提出问题：</h3>
<p> 1，  注意上图红色圈住部分。同样的两段序列，即然有2个Gaps，刚好在氨基酸U的位置。</p>
<p> 2，  查了查氨基酸的标准密码子表（详看：<a href="http://liucheng.name/420/">http://liucheng.name/420/</a>）。发现U并不在标准密码子表之内。那是代表什么？</p>
<p> 3，  把氨基酸这点的U对应回<a href="http://liucheng.name/entrez/entrez.php?acc=NM_001039848&amp;format=gb">NM_001039848</a>的核酸序列，密码子刚好是TGA（即作UGA），这应该是<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/%e7%bb%88%e6%ad%a2%e5%af%86%e7%a0%81%e5%ad%90/" title="查看 终止密码子 中的全部文章" target="_blank">终止密码子</a></span>，为何在这里不会终止，而是翻译成U？</p>
<h3> 一一来解答问题：</h3>
<p> 1，  把同样的序列用<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/ncbi/" title="NCBI" target="_blank">NCBI</a></span>的在线bl2seq程序。结果发现是100%，并没有Gaps。看下图。但NCBI里所用的<strong>BLAST</strong><strong>的版本是2.2.22</strong>（上面所提到的BLAST版本是2.2.9），由此可知这是低版本BLAST的一个<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/bug/" title="查看 BUG 中的全部文章" target="_blank">BUG</a></span>，不认U。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> <a href="http://liucheng.name/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/NM_001039848-在NCBI的-bl2seq-result.png" class="highslide-image" onclick="return hs.expand(this);"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1111" title="NM_001039848 在NCBI的 bl2seq result" src="http://liucheng.name/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/NM_001039848-在NCBI的-bl2seq-result-300x168.png" alt="NM_001039848 在NCBI的 bl2seq result" width="300" height="168" /></a></p>
<p> 2，  那为啥偏偏是U呢。原来U并不是在标准的密码子表里面，不属于标准的20个氨基酸之内。</p>
<p> 在Google搜索资料，最后还是在维基百科找到了答案（详看<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81">http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81</a>）</p>
<pre> 在一些蛋白质里停止密码子会被翻译成非标准的氨基酸，例如UGA（TGA）转译为<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/%e7%a1%92%e5%8d%8a%e8%83%b1%e6%b0%a8%e9%85%b8/" title="查看 硒半胱氨酸 中的全部文章" target="_blank">硒半胱氨酸</a></span>和UAG（TAG）转译为吡咯赖氨酸，随着对<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://liucheng.name/tag/genome/" title="基因组" target="_blank">基因组</a></span>序列加深了解，科学家可能还会发现其它非标准的转译方式</pre>
<p> 原来氨基酸序列里的U是指非标准的氨基酸：<strong>硒半胱氨酸</strong></p>
<p> 下面再来看看<strong>硒半胱氨酸</strong>的介绍：<strong></strong></p>
<pre> 硒半胱胺酸是一种氨基酸，存在于少数一些酶中，如谷胱甘肽过氧化酶、甲状腺素5'-脱碘酶、硫氧还蛋白还原酶、甲酸脱氢酶、甘胺酸还原酶和一些氢化酶等。</pre>
<pre> 在遗传密码中，硒半胱胺酸的编码是UGA，通常用作终止密码子。但如果在mRNA中有一个硒半胱胺酸插入序列(SElenoCysteine Insertion Sequence, SECIS)，UGA就用作硒半胱胺酸的编码。</pre>
<p> 而<a href="http://liucheng.name/entrez/entrez.php?acc=NM_001039848&amp;format=gb">NM_001039848</a>基因刚好是 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase）。</p>
<p>一切疑问都已解答。~</p>
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